Is Work A Curse Because Of The Fall Essay - 1317 Words

Introduction What is work? Why do we have to work? Is work a curse because of The Fall? What does the Bible say about work? Why am I working? Is the paid employment I am in what God has called me to do? What exactly has he called me to do? This essay will critique the extent to which my disposition towards professional practice as â€Å"work† harmonises with the examination of a biblical understanding of God, people and work. While reading and reflecting on a wide range of sources on the topic of work in the context of modern society and within the biblical narrative, I discovered that there is a vast disparity in what work was intended to be in the biblical context and what it became in 2015. When â€Å"work† is used in a modern day context it almost always refers to paid employment and a person’s paid employment often defines who that person is. I have caught myself answering the question: â€Å"And you are?† as: â€Å"Heslia Swanepoel, a teacher at KingsWay School† or â€Å"Heslia Swanepoel, Head of Middle School at KingsWay School†. My sense of calling and being is clearly wrapped up in my paid employment. In exploring the biblical narrative in relation to work, it transpires that work is a blessing from God which encompasses all of our lives. Work is not the result of The Fall, thus not a punishment for sin but part of the character of God which he placed within h uman beings as his image bearers. (Garber, 2011; Goheen Walters, 2005; Mackenzie Kirkland, 2003; Smith Scales, 2013; Stevens,Show MoreRelatedAdams Curse by William Butler Yeats Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Adam’s Curse†Ã¢â‚¬ ¨William Butler Yeats †¨ William Yeats’ â€Å"Adam’s Curse† is a poem that addresses a profound truth of time. Any human accomplishment such as poetry, music, or physical beauty requires much labor and is appreciated by few. He says this through an emotional recollection of a conversation between himself, his lover and her friend. I believe the meaning of the work lays waiting like a net, waiting to catch the reader at surface level. The poem is simplistic in nature, which is quite atypicalRead MoreSimilarities Between Genesis And Numbers1119 Words   |  5 Pagesblessing and curses. In Genesis 12:3 we read this: â€Å"I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is God speaking to Abram, telling him how He will bless him and only curse those who curse him. In Numbers, we see this yet again, but from a slightly different perspective: a man named Balaam. Balaam was told to curse the people of Israel by Balak, but he couldn’t be cause God has never cursed, so Balaam could only bless. If he had the ability to, God would have to curse firstRead MoreShakespeare s Hamlet : The Fall Of Man And The First Murder1713 Words   |  7 Pagesstories in Genesis: the fall of man and the first murder. The allusions to Cain and Abel sit on the surface of the play, and are backlit by the presence of subtler allusions from the story of the fall of man, such as the serpent and the tree of knowledge of good and evil. This imbedded breadcrumb trail of archetypal allusions simultaneously supports and deconstructs the revenge plot of Hamlet. 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It is even more apparent between works that are connected by character, time, and theme. Sophocles did this when he wrote Oedipus Rex and Antigone. When comparing the two pieces, it becomes evident that very similar vessels connected these very different plays. Sophocles uses aRead MoreEssay on The Truth of Love Revealed in Adam’s Curse1083 Words   |  5 PagesThe Truth of Love Revealed in Adam’s Curse  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Adam’s Curse† is a poem by William Butler Yeats that was written at a time when his first true love, Maud Gonne, had married Major John MacBride.   This may have caused Yeats much pain and Yeats may have felt as cursed as Adam felt when God had punished man from the Garden of Eden.   This poem, in fact, symbolizes his pain and loss of love that he once had and is a recollection of his memories during happier times with Maud.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginningRead MoreEssay on Oedipus the King: A Classic Tragedy1003 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus the King, a Classic Tragedy Aristotle, in his work The Poetics, tries to delineate the idea of a tragedy. Throughout his work Aristotle says that the hero, or at least the protagonist in a tragedy must be substantially good, almost godlike. This hero must bring upon themselves their downfall, due to their fatal flaw. If the hero is not at a high point, an audience will not care about them, and won’t notice their fall. One must fall a long way in social class in order for it to be noticedRead More Oppression and Spiritual Deterioration in William Blakes Poem London1154 Words   |  5 PagesI hear: 8 How the Chimney-sweepers cry 9 Every blackning Church appalls, 10 And the hapless Soldiers sigh, 11 Runs the blood down Palace walls. 12 But most thro midnight streets I hear 13 How the youthful Harlots curse 14 Blasts the new-born Infants tear, 15 And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse. 16 London by William Blake is a short poem packed with meaning. The poem has two related themes. The first explores the spiritual decay and slaveryRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet985 Words   |  4 PagesMercutio. Mercutio is the character most responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet because he causes problems for both families even after his death. Mercutio pushes Romeo to crash the Capulet’s party, which causes Tybalt to get aggravated and duel with Romeo, and the cursing of both families that come true after his death. Firstly, Mercutio should be blamed for the young, star-crossed lover’s deaths, is because he is the one who convinces Romeo to join the Capulet’s party where he meets JulietRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe946 Words   |  4 Pagesknown for the suspenseful and mysterious nature in his short stories, and to achieve this he uses repetitive symbolism. In the â€Å"Fall of the House of Usher†, the narrator gets a letter from an old friend saying that he needs his help. When he arrives he starts to hear voices that eventually cause the house to fall and results in the death of usher and Madeline. Poes â€Å"The fall of the House of Usher† portrays a melancholy setting and utilizes a motif of the supernatural, however, the symbolism conveys

Religious Prayer Within Public Schools - 1431 Words

Religious prayer within public schools has been a heated debate for many years and ultimately has caught national attention. Overtime many court cases have challenge this issue. The Constitution itself is on the fence of religious prayer because of the First Amendment’s freedom of speech clause which prohibits the government’s involvement with the freedom of exercise of religion. The policy of religious prayer within Mississippi public schools is a state policy level. In the year of 2013, Governor Phil Bryant of Mississippi signed a bill/law that protects voluntary prayers from students on public school property and other public property. This policy also protects student prayers at public school related events such as praying over public school intercoms, at assemblies, and sporting events. In addition, the policy allows students to openly discuss their faith with classrooms and permits students to establish organizations such as a bible club. To clarify, the term prot ection does not imply that the law is promoting any religion or religious belief. However, it is against the law for administration from public schools to lead a public school prayer. Social Work Values and Ethics There are several social work values and ethics that are apparent in this policy comes from the NASW code of ethics. From the NASW code of ethics, under the heading discrimination 4.02 states,† Social workers should not practice, condone, facilitate, or collaborate with any form ofShow MoreRelatedPublic Schools Should Not Be The Place For Religious Practices1601 Words   |  7 Pagesa new place, one of the many reasons was due to religious freedom. Almost immediately conflicts arose between religions, and their belief systems. No problems seem to arise with teaching religion to children in school until the 1900 s. That is when the courts decided religious instructions in public schools would be deemed unconstitutional. Court cases started around the country with people fighting against religious instruction in public schools, many accusing teachers of putting their beliefsRead MoreEssay on Prayer in School1341 Words   |  6 PagesOver the years, there has been a very controversial debate on whether there should be prayer incorporated within the public schools; half the population votes no on the topic. Many individuals feel that allowing prayer services within the schools will be offensive and time consuming. A common fear among the people is that there would not be an equal way to recognize everyone’s religion. There would be even more controversy as to which religions should be taught, in what manner, and it’s a veryRead MorePrayer in Public Schools656 Words   |  3 PagesThe United States was built on prayer. Prayer or religion is on our currency in the many halls of our justice and federal buildings so no matter where we go, we cannot escape prayer. Our founding fathers did not exclude the bible in building our nation and educating our future and there will be no expectation. No matter what there will be prayer no matter where you are. Some people just don’t believe in God that’s why so me don’t want prayer in public school. Though each of the clauses are originallyRead MorePrayer in Public Schools Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagestype of school students attend, organized prayer is mandatory, allowed, or banned. In the United States, organized prayer in public schools is prohibited because it goes against the Constitution’s separation of church and state (Jinkins 123). The United States promises religious freedom, but is yet to define the degree and limitation of that liberty. However, American citizens have been debating for many years, whether organized prayer should be an option or obligation in public schools. Some peopleRead MoreThe Prayer On Public Schools1240 Words   |  5 PagesFor much of the 20th Century and into the 21st, school prayer has been the focal point of an ongoing debate about the position of religion in American civilization. The question of the legality of prayer in public schools brings together a number of important notions i n American government and legal philosophy. Opponents and proponents of school prayer set forth their arguments in such major constitutional issues as the separation of church and state, the right to free exercise of religion, and theRead MoreThe Argument Of The First Amendment878 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment intrusions on religion could a football coach at a public high school lead the players in prayer before a game? Well the answer is no, it is against the law for schools to sponsor or endorse speech. Therefore a coach is not allowed to engage in any activity that the school itself is forbidden from doing. Since the early 20th century many lawsuits have been brought forth challenging mandatory prayer and bible readings in schools, arguing that students should not be forced to practice anyRead MoreWhere Liberty Meets Justice Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pagesthem the freedom to exercise their religious beliefs outside of the government’s control. America is still the hope of freedom, but it remains for many just that, a hope. They have not effectually realized the full scope of freedom that so many Christians enjoy in the United States, as Americans often guard their freedom at the expense of countless other ideals, including infringement on others’ rightful liberties. The fight for organized prayer in public schools is a small, but significant, elementRead MoreThe Prayer Should Be Allowed At Public Universities, Organized Team Prayer Before And After Game? Essay1120 Words   |  5 PagesDear Editor, I am writing to you in response to your article that stated â€Å"at public universities, organized team prayer before and after game violates the separation of church and state and should not be allowed, although private and devotionals are permissible.† I think it is important to go back to the history of the law and how it relates to today’s society before we distinguish whether or not prayer should be allowed in sport. Before the 1980’s athletes rarely ever discussed their beliefsRead MoreReligion Should Not Be Allowed in Public Schools1293 Words   |  6 Pagesare attending public schools they should be aware of their religion options. The student should have the right to practice their religion as they please, just on the own time. Yes, religion plays a huge part in molding a person but, should be practiced when the time is available, not in a classroom setting. The government should have the ability to control the protection of the students that just want to learn. The capability to regulate the religious practices while attending public educational institutionsRead MorePrayer In Schools Has Been A Much Talked About Debate In1434 Words   |  6 Pages Prayer in schools has been a much talked about debate in America over the past half-century. Conservatives, trying to regulate the religious freedoms of Americans , have tried numerous times to pass amendments that allow private student-led prayer in the classrooms(Baik, 243). Liberals, realizing that private prayer is and has always been legal, try to keep the balance between church-state separation as it is. This has kept the political issue of religion at a boil and confused many people on the

Web Search Engine and Google free essay sample

The direction of the organization toward keeping that mission was effective when they decided to move operations to China and turned to be a winning formula for the company overall. Google realized that to keep its mission true, they would have to reformulate the strategy to meet the needs of all involved and to be profitable in the same ideas and measure. It was also important that Google remained true to why they existed and that the search engines are in fact â€Å"universal†, including China and the value of its customers. . Is Google’s stance toward Internet search in China consistent with its mission? Yes, I believe their stance is indeed consistent. Although the information which was finally approved to be listed on their search engine, they did make the information â€Å"useful and universally acceptable† for China. Google also instilled a bullet point in the columns of the search engine pages to denote information the Chinese government instructed them o r censored themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Web Search Engine and Google or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As per the text on page 53†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Sergey Brin justified the Chinese decision by saying that â€Å"it will be better for Chinese Web users, because ultimately they will get more information, though not quite all of it† (Jones, 2008). 3. Do you think that Google should have entered China and engaged in self-censorship, given the company’s long-standing mantra â€Å"Don’t be evil†? Is it better to engage in self-censorship than have the government censor for you? Google seems to be more customer-oriented in nature, in my opinion, and therefore I feel that yes, they made the right decision by performing initial self-censorship. Google focused on customer needs (accessing information) and then provided solutions to make this happen. When a company takes pride upon itself and initiative to do the right thing, many times the government will not cause them as much stress as if they had not in the first place. By utilizing self-censorship, they weren’t being â€Å"evil† but rather adhering to China’s governmental requests and requirements for business. Moreover, when a company chooses censorship on its own it may show the governments that they are willing to not only follow their laws without issue but also to put their nations people first as well. Many times when a government wants to censor for you they will also censor more than the company would have done for them. Google may have deterred this by performing self-censorship as well. 4. If all foreign search engine companies declined to invest directly in China due to concerns over censorship, what do you think the results would be? Who would benefit most from this action? Who would lose the most? As mentioned in the excerpt, China is one of the largest nations in the world and if this occurred then I fear the results would be that not only China would lose access to a huge service but companies all over the world would falter in many areas (Jones, 2008). Billions of dollars would be lost by not only Google but Yahoo; MSN; Bing; and more. It seems the Chinese government would really be the ones to benefit the most from the sort of outcome. This would give them complete control over the Web and say over the amount of information allowed in such areas. The ones who would suffer the most next to the companies losing money would be the consumer. Without access to information needed for research and other areas, people can become cluttered with communistic thoughts and actions. Moreover, they lose a level of literacy necessary to function in todays’ world and will be clouded on needed information within their own nation. Works Cited Jones, C. H. (2008). Googles Mission, Ethical Principals, and Involvement in China. In C. H. Jones, Essentials of Strategic Management 3rd Edition (pp. 52-53). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

What Is the Role of the Judiciary in a Democracy Essay Example

What Is the Role of the Judiciary in a Democracy Essay Democracy is a system of governance, its origins dates back to Greece and ancient Athens between 421 and 322 B. C. Most Western countries changed their system of governance to a representative democracy in the 19th century, mostly influenced by liberalism. Democracy, in Greek, means â€Å"Power to the People†. In this system people vote for their president, choose from different parties. In an authoritarian state, all powers are in the hand of one person, whereas in a democratic state, different institutions are in charge of different powers. The government owns the executive, the parliament the legislative and the judges the judiciary. The task of the judiciary is to settle conflicts between citizens and in some cases between the citizens and the state. All the different powers in a democracy have a specific role. What is the role of the judiciary in a democracy? We will try to answer that question in studying the democracy and the judiciary in the first part, and then see what is its role in a democracy. In this first part we will study the democracy and the judiciary, as it is important to understand these two principles before analysing the role of the judiciary in a democracy. Democracy is the worst form of government except all the other forms that have been tried from time to time†, said Winston Churchill in 1947. From all other government organisation tried over the time, democracy is the fairest one for the people. First of all, for the first time, people vote for the politician they want to rule the country. In this organisation, hereditary or arbitrary class distinction or privileges normally disapp ear. Today, the majority of countries in the world are republic. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Role of the Judiciary in a Democracy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Role of the Judiciary in a Democracy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Role of the Judiciary in a Democracy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, some important democracies in the world, such as the United-Kingdom, Luxembourg, Spain and other are constitutional monarchies. This means that having a King/Queen is not an important matter in a well being of a democracy. Democracy is by far the most challenging form of government, for politicians and for the people. In other type of government, the power is usually in the hand of only one person. It is easier to make decision and make everyone follow your rules when you are the only one making them. In a democracy, the people elected the government. The government then has to do what the people expect him to do. If he takes decisions that are against the public opinion, the people will protest and may not vote for them in the next elections. This makes it harder for a democratic government to take big decisions, as they are always thinking about the next election. They would sometimes prefer doing nothing than offend people, despite making some decision that could, in medium term, be beneficial for the whole country. Now we will study the judiciary. First of all, the judiciary is one of the three branches of a modern democratic state with the legislative and executive. The judiciary has to interpret the law (made by the legislative) and analyse the concordance between a concrete situation and the law by itself. It takes decision and takes a side on a case thanks to the application of the law. In most of the countries, there are several types of courts. The members of the judiciary who are part of the high or intermediate court of Appeal represent a very small as well as a very important part of the judiciary. People have the right to Appeal to a superior authority in case of a dispute. The judge makes decision according to the law, his perception of it and his conscience. The executive or legislative cannot interfere with the judiciary during a trial. The judiciary has to arbitrate conflicts between different institutions of the state, between the state and the citizen and finally between the citizens themselves. The application of the law may be a bit confused sometimes. For example, does a crime blamed on a person really correspond to the definition of the crime such as we find it on the law? Are the proofs given really acceptable? If yes, are the punishments planed by the law adapted with the crime? Those are the kind of decision that the judge has to take, and it is very important that judges stay independent from the rest of the government, as it is his main role in the democracy, the impartiality. That is what we are going to study in the second part. In this second part we will study the role of the judiciary in a Democracy. First of all, the judiciary is neutral. A judge doesn’t show his belonging to any political parties. He judges the crimes trying to be as neutral as he can. In a democracy this neutrality is very important as neither the government nor any other parties can affect the judgement. The judiciary is also independent in most of the countries. It doesn’t depend on the executive or the legislative. However, their collaboration is necessary for the well being of a democracy. The legislative makes the law that the judiciary will apply on court, but this law needs to be accepted by the judges so they can apply it in the best conditions. This independency is very important. In fact, the judges don’t owe anything to members of the executive or legislative. The judges can therefore attack the government in justice if this one doesn’t act clearly. An example of this independency and the importance for the well being of the democracy can be the judges anti-corruption in France or Italy. In addition, once they are working, it is very difficult to relieve the judges of their function, so they are able to judge in an impartial way. Justice is one of the most important institutions in a democratic government because it regulates freedom and makes sure law is observed. Without any justice we will live in anarchy system, as no one would be afraid of the different rules implemented and would be able to do anything without being punished. An independent judiciary power ensures the democracy and the well being of the citizens. That is why modern societies have all tried to organize, within fundamental texts, the independence of the judiciary. The judiciary has to work with the legislative and executive. It follows the laws of the legislatives (judges don’t make the laws themselves) and they only judge people who are brought in by the police, which belong to the executive power. Judges cannot take part of the political scene; they need to keep their political views personal. For example, a judge cannot be a minister or a deputy at the same time. With these measures, judges cannot be influenced in their decisions. The role of the judiciary is manifested not only in what judges do but also in how they do it. In fact, judges judge with the laws they are given, but also with their feelings, trying to be as neutral as possible. Their neutrality is not only political, but in court as well. The judge needs to be neutral within the court, so the defendant can have a chance and is not stigmatized as the bad one at the beginning of the trial. In conclusion we can see that judiciary has a very important role in the democracy. Without this institution being independent and very neutral, the democracy wouldn’t be able to perform well, wouldn’t really be the â€Å"Power to the People†. A lack of independence in judiciary creates opacity in the processing of trials, discourages the citizens, makes them a bit more rebellious, as they don’t trust their justice, and so their government and their political regime. Judiciary, the justice, don’t only rule with their decisions, but with the confidence that it inspires to the people. If people don’t believe in justice, they won’t believe in laws and in people making the laws, as well as in people trying to make everyone respect the law. If the judiciary is not independent of the legislative and the executives, it can lead to a democracy not as fair as what it is now, not a proper democracy in the end, so importance of the judiciary is crucial. Bibliography: †¢Lane, J. and Ersson, S. 999. Politics and society in western Europe. London : Sage publication. Fourth edition. †¢Price, j, 1970. Comparative governments, Four modern constitutions. London : Hutchinson Educational. †¢Merkl, P. 1977. Modern Comparative Politics. Hinsdale, Illinois : The Dryden Press †¢Gleeson, M. 1997.  « The role of the judiciary in a modern democracy  ». Available online at : http://www. jca. asn. au/attachments/gleeson. html †¢Sherbrooke University.  « Pouvoir Judiciaire  ». Available online at : http://perspective. usherbrooke. a/bilan/servlet/BMDictionnaire? iddictionnaire=1637 †¢Mansour, E. 2000.  « La problematique de l’independance du pouvoir judiciaire en Afrique de l’ouest  ». Available online at : http://democratie. francophonie. org/IMG/pdf/22-2. pdf †¢Chambre des representant, Belgium. 2005.  « Le pouvoir judiciaire : principe generaux  ». Available online at : http://www. cm ro-cmoj. be/pdf/pouvoir_judiciare_principes. pdf †¢Troper, M. 2005.  « Le pouvoir judiciaire et la democratie  ». Available online at : http://www. ejls. eu/2/32FR. pdf

Oppression and Diversity Assignment PDF Essay Example

Oppression and Diversity Assignment PDF Essay Example Oppression and Diversity Assignment PDF Essay Oppression and Diversity Assignment PDF Essay The oppressed individual or rope is devalued, exploited, and deprived of privileges by the individual or group who has more power (up. 306-307). As this is a universal definition, the Invisible Backpack article allowed me to see oppression from a unique viewpoint, recognizing that as we experience unearned power and strength, we are viewed by others as oppressive to white privileged. Oppression comes in various forms, each experienced differently by different members of society. A few different forms of oppression are; sexism, ageism, classicism, heterosexual, and most recognized, racism. For example, McIntosh states; A white person, I realized had been taught about racism as something that puts others at a disadvantage, but has been taught not to see one of its corollary aspects, white privilege, which puts me at an advantage. (McIntosh, 1998) This is exactly what was taught throughout all of my schooling, never once was racism put into the perspective of putting myself at an advantage, it has always been looked at as a negative/disadvantage for those experiencing it. Sexism, classicism and ageism are three forms of oppression that are experienced by society each day, although not all are addressed. As humans, surrounded by diversity, we recognize how fortunate we are to not be experiencing oppression, but in reality we are oppressive towards such feeling, thus being unconscious of them. 3 Being part of the female population, there has never been a shortage of sexism experiences, especially within the workplace. Not only have personally experienced it, but I view occurrences on a daily basis. Sexism can be defined as a form of discrimination against a specific gender, it describes the ideology of one gender being more superior than another. Can also be toed as a system of ideas, both conscious and subconscious that humans feel, this can be from their family development, professional setting or their colonization. (STEM, 201 5) Being a woman is a privilege. Experiencing oppression due to gender is not. I have been discriminated against in my places of work, in each circumstance my boss had been a male. Although this may have been a coincidence, sexism experienced had thought to have been normal and acceptable?. Having white privilege, which allowed me to obtain the positions had put myself in the mind frame that it was tolerable for a ale within higher positions to treat and address me how they did. For example; within one of my recent positions, I offered ideas to senior management which instantly led to being called, and told am a good girl. Is a male ever told he is a good boy by other male management? Also, when in discussions and male colleges accuse me of menstruating. These are just a couple ways women of all races experience sexism within the workplace. What about that statement is acceptable towards a female from a male? I do have white privilege, this may be why I received these positions, but my ender does not stop the oppression experienced within such circumstances. Classicism is one of the most undisguised, unacknowledged forms of oppression in todays society. The issue of social class may be one of the most exclusive of the social ills that is confronting humans currently. Class can be perspectives defined as; the status an individual or group achieves by virtue of its economic strength, the influence among other groups, and the 4 power to affect change in its community of choice. From an opposite perspective, classicism is the systematic oppression of subordinated groups, ho work for wages for the dominant groups. (Brattles, 2003) When reviewing the article The Invisible Backpack, as McIntosh says, l have come to see white privilege as an invisible package of unearned assets which I can count on cashing in each day, but about which I was meant to remain oblivious. (McIntosh, 1998) Personally, having never experienced classicism, it seemed nearly impossible to envision the oppression those less fortunate are experiencing. Eve not earned where am in life today, I did not work to make my living. It was handed to me. Now having deeper understanding of oppression, diversity and privilege through the eyes of an invisible backpack, it is clear to identify daily effects and benefits white privilege has given me. I can leave work/school and go home to a large house in the country with a large amount of land, never having to worry will not be able to make a payment. I can wear second hand clothes if I choose without having people associate the style with negative stereotypes, or can buy expensive fashions without fear my card will be declined. I can be confident that my neighbors or associates in the location I live will be neutral and positive towards me, also hat they have similar values and beliefs. Reviewing the privileges I unknowingly received from classicism, there are also steps will take to remove myself from a classicist mind frame. For example; learning more about the history and experience of all working and impoverished people, open myself to experience the language and culture Of working peoples, and by claiming my identity, learning my history as a dominant group. As we, (the dominant us fornicated groups) recognize classicism, further work towards creating change can occur. As we work in conjunction, all members of society no tater class, can make progression towards a class-free society (Brattles, 2003). 5 Ageism is a form Of oppression which refers to two concepts: a socially constructed way of thinking about older persons based on negative attitudes and stereotypes about aging and a tendency to structure society based on an assumption that everyone is young, thereby failing to respond appropriately to the real needs of older persons. (ROACH, 201 5) In Canada, seniors make up the fastest growing population. In 2011, Employment and Social Development Canada found that 5. 0 million Canadians were 65 years of age and older, thin the next 25 years that number is expected to double to reach 10. 4 million, and by 2051 one in four Canadians is expected to be over 65 years in age. (HERDS, 201 5) Ageism is not taken as seriously as many forms of dis crimination, although can have similar economic, psychological and social impacts. Elderly members of society have few privileges. Relationships between elder maltreatment and affiliation to an oppressed group has not been adequately investigated and their voices are rarely solicited or requested. Elderly experience oppression In workplaces, shopping centers, hurry, and most knowingly, senior care centers. As a young woman, have the privilege of not yet having to experience oppression of age. For instance; have the opportunity to apply for the same position as an elderly person, and few doubts about receiving the position, and I do not have to be concerned with mistreatment or stereotypical circumstances within the place resign. As white privilege has allowed unconscious benefits to occur within myself, I has not recognized what I had taken advantage of regarding my age. Ageism will occur to each member of society at one point within their life, although experiencing the privilege of youth currently, oppression of age comes as years pass. Anti-oppressive social work involves intervention that is not confined to individuals but that spans the social structural level of society. It involves critical reflection about oppression and 6 its harmful effects on clients and action based learning from such reflection. (Heinous Aspartame, 2006) A career in social work involves working with diverse populations such as; different race, gender, religion, socioeconomic status, age, etc. Going into a case with an open mind allows for diverse opportunities of growth, understanding and expression, which in turn will alleviate the chances of a social worker oppressing their client. One of the most common forms of oppression t hat social workers hear from their clients is racism. Having never personally experienced race oppression myself, my attempt would be to remind myself of White privilege, how although unknown and subconscious privileges, not all members in society received this. From the Invisible Backpack I was able to see what experienced in life from an unusual viewpoint, focusing on the unfair, unearned privileges I achieved. Social workers goal is to alleviate poverty; liberate vulnerable and oppressed people with the ultimate aim to promote social inclusion (International Federation of Social Workers, 2012). As a social worker, I will work with my clients to reflect on oppression theyve experienced by working from two viewpoints; anti-oppressive practice (POP) and anti-discriminatory practice (ADAPT). POP strives to overcome oppression by focusing on more expansive issues of discrimination that society is experiencing as it is perpetuated by social systems, class and structures. From this practice, clients will reflect on not only how they feel, but also where they feel the root of oppression is and how to overcome it. Looking at the larger social systems will open a wider perspective for our clients, allowing greater change to be made. ADAPT directs attention towards minimizing and reducing oppression which is from one individual to another. (Module 5, 201 5) As a worker, incorporating this form of anti-oppressive practice will allow for individuals to personally reflect on their direct experiences, how they felt during and after, and what they felt the other person gained from the discrimination. As social works we must indicate and demonstrate complete care for our clients interests and concerns, by limiting professional practice areas to focus on rooted issues. As social workers we expect our clients to reflect on their circumstances and emotions, are we expected to do the same for ourselves? Previously was unaware of the severity of oppression and the unconscious effects white privilege can have on not only ourselves, but also those around us. McIntosh compares male privilege to that of white privilege stating that, Thinking wrought unacknowledged male privilege as a phenomena, I realized that, since hierarchies in our society are interlocking, there is most likely a phenomena of white privilege that was similarly denied and protected. (McIntosh, 1998) Being someone who has only experienced sexism as a form of oppression, I cannot honestly say that I understand what those going through, are feeling. Although, with saying that, now having a clear definition of what oppression is,and its forms, outcomes, and effects, will allow for more diversity within client sessions. Also, from this article I was able to specifically realize what a benefi cial impact white privilege has had on my life, but yet also realizing how oblivious I was to oppression and others view of myself. Minch, a colleague of Macintoshs, expressed that a white people we are taught to think of their lives as normative, neutral and average, so that when we work to benefit others it is seen as work that will allow them to be more like us. I do not want to be a white person who uses white privilege to their advantage. Becoming a social worker, my mind is focused on the fatty, security and well-being of my client. If our clients are unsure of our authenticity towards the helping profession they may not feel open to discussing their experiences of oppression as they fear we may judge them. As my personal awareness on oppression and diversity has expanded, realization of the importance of open dialogue with colleagues and mentoring students on how to incorporate anti-oppressive principles in practice is also fundamental to reflecting upon power and oppression in social work practice. (Johns, 2013) Although oppression can ever be completely rid of, there are ways to greatly decrease its prevalence. Each person will experience oppression, each in a varying forms.

Foiled Again!

Foiled Again! Foiled Again! Foiled Again! By Maeve Maddox A line associated with the 19th century mustache-twirling stage villains thwarted by the hero was Curses! Foiled again! Foil as a verb meaning to frustrate the efforts of is popular with headline writers and journalists. Netanyahu makes final push to foil Swedish plan to divide Jerusalem No-shows foil Sunrise mayors payment plan for code violators Police foil plan to kill Dawoods brother The verb originated as a hunting term meaning to spoil a trace or scent by running over it, from Old French fouler, trample. It took on its modern meaning of spoiling someones plans in the 1660s. Foil as a noun meaning a thin sheet of metal, comes from a French word for leaf, modern French feuille. The sense of metallic food wrap dates from 1946. In fiction, a foil character is a secondary character used to point up certain traits in a main character. In Hamlet, for example, Laertes acts as a foil to Hamlet. Whereas Hamlet hesitates to avenge his fathers death, Laertes is quick to seek vengeance for the death of his sister. In Macbeth, the loyal, law-abiding Banquo serves as a foil to ambition-crazed Macbeth. Macbeth murders to win the crown. Banquo does nothing and becomes the father of kings. This idea of the word foil as contrast comes from the practice of backing a gem with metal foil to make it shine more brightly. Shakespeare used it in this sense in Henry IV, Part I. The future Henry V is a dissolute prince. In a soliloquy he anticipates changing his ways when he becomes king. He thinks that his subjects will appreciate his reign more because theyll have his rotten youth to compare it with: My reformation, glittering oer my fault, Shall show more goodly and attract more eyes Than that which hath no foil to set it off. This use of the noun foil to mean contrast is a favorite with political writers: Republicans make President Obama foil in state races Crist Uses His Old Party as a New Foil: He has used the Republican-led state legislature as a conservative foil to increase his appeal among centrist and Democratic voters. Ehrlich welcomes Palin as a foil: Ehrlichs camp is embracing Palins move as an opportunity to emphasize the former governors more moderate profile. Both noun and verb are used playfully here: Mans foil theft plan foiled at Home Depot: A man who tried to foil the theft detection devices at Home Depot with aluminum foil learned Saturday that his scheme would not work. Foil meaning a light fencing weapon is of uncertain origin. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" When to Form a Plural with an ApostropheHow often is "bimonthly"?

Security Policy GDI Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Security Policy GDI Company - Case Study Example Given that GDI has made significant gains in its business, there is need to preserve the capability the firm receive from its information technology assets. This security policy understands that protecting the physical and operation security of GDI is the main challenge underlying its writing. Therefore, the report presents several policies that seek to protect named assets of GDI with a goal of preserving the security and operation of the firm. Vacca (2010) argues that information technology polices form the first line of defence against threats. There are several policies this security policy document outlines, which are a result of careful analysis of the firms existing network topology. Because information technology forms a critical backbone to the operations of GDI, a careful analysis characterized the writing of this document. Among the essential goals of the security, policies were the establishment of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the firm’s informat ion technology asset. Policy 1: Email Security Policy Email remains a preferred medium of communication for the GDI Corporation. Because of the widespread use of email in the firm, there is need for GDI to implement policies that will limit the loss of essential loss through email exchange within or outside the firm. While email is one of the most effective techniques for communication, firms like GDI stand a risk of exposing their data and information technology infrastructure to threats that can emerge from lack of email security policy. Bayuk, Healey and Rohmeyer (2012) contend that email remains vulnerable to a wide variety of threats such as worms. These threats can interfere with the operations of the organization, as well as lead to the loss of data. Given the danger that could emanate from email use, this report understand the need of an appropriate email security policy, which will ensure that email exchange do not result to the loss of data, introduction of threats and breach of confidentiality. First, GDI should implement a policy that restricts its employees from sharing any fi.es that belong to the organization. This clause could limit the loss of information that GDI’s employees have the privilege to view as compared to other people. This policy should be printed and given to all employees using the firms email. In addition, GDI should also produce a policy that would restrict all the employees from using the firms email for their own private use. The use of emails for any other purpose could introduce threats such as worms. To add on this, the firms should stipulate that all employees scan their emails to ensure that they have no threats such as worms or Trojan horse that could spy on the company’s data. Policy 2: Server Security Policy GDI servers are essential assets that must be protected from physical and operations risks that may have profound effect on the operations of the firm. To ensure that GDI’s servers are secure, there has to be an elaborate policy in place. The se rver security policy calls for the hardening of GDI’s server to ensure that all vulnerable areas are addressed to limit the impact of threats. This policy ensures that GDI’s administrators carry out periodic maintenance of the system by applying patches and other software updates. Servers that lack essential patches are vulnerable to attacks (TechRepublic, 2004). Updating the servers by installing patches would ensure that the server is secure and up to date. Being that updates are critical to the operation of

Operating system Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Operating system - Assignment Example The program responsible for this task is known as traffic controller. Modern operating systems use a graphical user interface, or GUI. A GUI allows one to use the mouse to click icons, buttons, and menus, and everything will be displayed on the screen in combination of graphics and text. Traditionally, computers had a command-line interface, which meant users had to type every single command to the computer and the computer would only display text. (Anonymous, 2010) I. Mac OS X.It was created by Apple and it comes preloaded on all new Macintosh computers, or Macs. All of the recent versions are known as OS X  and the specific versions include  Yosemite 2014, Mavericks 2013, Mountain Lion 2012, Lion  2011 and Snow  Leopard 2009. Apple also offers a version called Mac OS X Server, which is designed to be run on servers. (Anonymous, 2010) II. Microsoft Windows. Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid-1980s.The different versions of Windows are  Windows 8 (2012), Windows 7  (2009), and Windows Vista  (2007). Windows comes preloaded  on most new PCs, which helps to make it the most popular operating system in the world. (Anonymous, 2010) III. Linux. This OS can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world. This is different from proprietary software  like Windows, which can only be modified by the company that owns it (Microsoft). The most popular versions include Ubuntu, Mint, and Fedora. (Anonymous, 2010) Normally, the operating systems of mobile phones are designed specifically for mobile devices. Operating systems for these mobile devices are usually not fully featured like those of desktop and laptop computers. However, one can still do a lot of things with them, like watching movies, browsing the Web, managing your calendar and playing games. Examples of these mobile operating systems include Apple iOS, Windows Phone, and Google Android. (Anonymous,

A System Reformers View Essay Example for Free

A System Reformers View Essay In the wake of the global rise of terrorism, the System Reformer feels an urgent need to develop and activate a common anti-terrorism program to protect all regions and nations from the disasters on many accounts. In this regard, the System Reformer agrees to the UN viewpoint that under no circumstance the fundamental rights of the humans should be vitiated. These include, right to life, right to freedom from torture in any form, right to freedom of thought and religion, besides holding the convention that restriction to other rights should also be strictly within the parameters of the international humanitarian law, and has to be temporary in nature and free from any bias of race, color, sex, language, religion or social origin. However, this comprehensive objective is now under severe threat due to the global rise of terrorism, which is no more limited to the boundary of any nation. Moreover, terrorism has already severely affected the process of globalization and the global fraternity. The System Reformer believes that the lack of collective action against terrorism has allowed it to grow, besides believing that there is much room for improvement in the planning and approach of UN regarding the issue of terrorism. Thus this report is presented from the viewpoint of a System Reformer, with appropriate founding voices belonging to old, contemporary and modern era. Works Cited A more secure world: Our shared responsibility, United Nations Report, 2004. Retrieved Nov 21, 2007. www. un. org/secureworld/report2. pdf isi, Angela. Kofi Annan on Collective SEcurity. The Economist DEc. 2004: 14. undy, H. G. Grotius and International Society of To-day. The American Political Science Review. 52. 8(2004):800-808. tson, Richard. Woodrow Wilson and His Interpreters, 1947-1957. The Mississippi Valley Historical Review 35. 2 (2005): 207-236. ght, Martin, International Theory: The Three Traditions. London Leicester University Press, 1991.

Importance Of Diversity Training :: essays research papers

Diversity training has become a necessity in businesses today. Diversity training is necessary because of people’s differences in our work force. Some of these differences are race, gender, culture, age, and disabilities. Because our organization is so diverse, this program will help educate, sensitize and prepare people to get along in our workplace.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If done right, I feel that the training programs will bring our company promising results. One study by Katrina Jordan on diversity training in the workplace from the perspective of organization/human resources diversity practitioners and diversity consultants showed positive results. Some of the outcomes found in this study were changes in staff behavior, increases staff sensitivity, increased executive commitment, recognition that diversity training is not just a H.R function, etc. For some diversity training â€Å"empowers people by helping them to understand others and develop a world view beyond their own. As a result they know how to respond to and resolve differences that might otherwise interfere with their work†(Jordan).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Programs are made up to cover a wide range of topics. These topics include defining, developing and managing diversity, harassment prevention, cross cultural communication, and creating an affirming environment. Workers will be able to bring up their own specific topics as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Training sessions will be of two types. First we will have a series of speaker’s come in at least once every other week and talk to large groups no larger than 75 people. Also during the week between smaller groups of no more that 20 people will meet for discussions. All sessions will be held at times convenient to all employees. To try to create an informal environment we will serve coffee and donuts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the training programs to make a positive impact it is important for all levels of employees to take part. Training must begin from the top down. H.R participants say that it is essential for top executives to take part in these training sessions. Middle management will be stressed to attend, since they are doing a lot of interaction with people.

Ece Human Developemnt Across Lifespan

Discuss how knowledge of theories of human development across the lifespan relates to ECE practice. 2. 1 Theories of human development across the life span are explained in terms of their relevance to New Zealand early childhood education today. 2. 2 Theories of human development across the lifespan are explained in terms of understanding of adults and children and informing and influencing ECE practice. 2. 3 Theories on human development across the lifespan are explained in terms of how they inform and influence own practice in an ECE service. Lev Vygotsky Vygotsky’s theory is the idea of Zones of Proximal Development (ZPD) â€Å"the distance between the actual development level an individual has achieved (his or her independent level of problem solving) and the level of potential development he or she could achieve with adult guidance or through collaboration with other children. † (Bredekamp, 117) In New Zealand early childhood education, they believe that the understanding of a child’s ZPD is important because it allows teachers and caregivers to scaffold appropriately in order to help children reach their full potential. Self-regulation and private speech are also important aspects of Vygotsky’s theory. He theorized that children need to master these skills in order to be successful. If children are able to master these skills, they will be able to demonstrate self-discipline and improve their executive function. The educator is a co-constructor of knowledge with the child. Instead of lecturing or direct instructions, the educator allows and guides the child to come to his or her own understanding of the material. An educator in the early childhood ecntre will aid and support the child in their own discovery and initiative through a concept called, the zone of proximal development (ZPD). The ZPD allows a child to tackle a problem that is sufficiently novel to attract and maintain a child’s attention, yet not so difficult that the solution cannot be perceived (Edwards, 2005). To expand this concept to the centre, the teacher will ‘set up’ activities for children that are just beyond the children abilities and then guide and support the children to come to a solution themselves with minimal help from the educator. Howard Gardner Howard Gardner developed the theory postulates that there are seven or more intelligences that each individual is born with and is needed to live life well (Smith, 2002, 2008). As people develop new knowledge, often these intelligences complement each other (Hatch, Gardner, 1989). In New Zealand early childhood education they believe that in Gardner’s Multi Intelligence theory, the learner is seen as an active participant in their own learning. When new knowledge is presented to the chid, the child will utilize different intelligences in order to synthesize and analyse the new information. The theory of MI properly accounts for the fact that children learn in different ways and use different cognitive capabilities to construct knowledge. It also emphasizes the importance of using a diverse curriculum in the centre that utilizes different subject areas such as music, fine arts and physical activities. For example, if a teacher extends children’s learning, he or she can show some pictures, use real things, sing a song, each method of learning in this case will appeal to the learning styles of different children. In MI theory, the adults can take a broader view of learning to include all intelligences and consequently plan and deliver activities that will allow children to learn through intelligence that they are strongest in. Taking this approach to learning, adults are able to give their children extended opportunities to construct new knowledge that makes most sense to them and can therefore be readily applied to situations. Erik Erikson Erikson developed the view that each person experiences a set of â€Å"conflicts† that need to be resolved during each of the eight stages of development, the first three stages spanning early childhood. These conflicts arise from demands made on a child by his parents of by society in general. As each conflict is resolved, the individual becomes ready to grapple with the next stage. When conflicts are unresolved, they remain issues for the individual to struggle with later in life. In New Zealand early childhood education they used Erikson’ theory as a based on theories and practices in Ece setting. For example the first three stages of psychosocial development. Stage 1: Trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year of age). During this time, the infant struggles to develop trust in the world. Erikson felt that children learn to trust when educators and parents are nurturing, responsive and reliable. Stage 2: Autonomy versus shame and doubt (18 months to 3 years). This stage is characterized by the child’s increasing desire to discover. Educators and parents help children by understanding the child’s needs for both independence and dependence. Erikson believed that, if this fails to occur, a child will experience feelings of shame and doubt. So there, this is the stage where you teach independence, not at birth. Stage 3: Initiative versus guilt (3 to 6 years old). At this time, the child is eager to master new skills, use language to ask questions, and interact with other peers. At the same time, the child still relies on the comfort and security provided by educators and parents. If a child’s developing sense of initiative is neglected or ignored, Erikson stressed that the child’s misguided energy could result in verbal or physical aggression. Teachers who apply psychosocial development in the classroom create an environment where each child feels appreciated and is comfortable with learning new things and building relationships with peers without fear† (Tamara , 2010, para. 1). In New Zealand Early Childhood education one of their goals is from Te Whariki curriculum Strand 2 that they implement in the every centre, the belonging where children experience an environment where they know they have a pl ace and feel comfortable with the routines, custom, and regular events. Educator encourage initiative in young children, they believe that children should be given a great deal freedom to explore their world. They should be allowed to choose some of the activities they engage. If their request for doing certain activities is reasonable, the request should be honoured and they provide exciting materials that will stimulate and extend their imagination.

Not My Best Side Essay

Fanthrope’s poem is divided into to three separate parts as the points of view of the three different characters. The first part is told fromà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½9 the dragon (or â€Å"the monster†)’s point of view, here the author used personification, providing the dragon with feelings and an opinion of his own, therefore giving him human-like features; he’s feeling a bit cantankerous towards the artist who painted him given that he didn’t give him a chance to pose properly thus only portraying his ‘bad’ side. Furthermore, he’s saddened by the thought that the other characters aren’t taking him seriously, he generates the idea that the fact that his â€Å"victim† (the girl) only holds him by a flimsy string is a way of emasculating him or taking away his pride in a way. The second part in the perspective of the girl being rescued and in this case, the author gives it a bit of a twist because the reader would normally expect the girl to want to be saved from the horrible monster, but she doesn’t! In fact, she’s actually mad at the knight for trying to save her because she was enjoying the dragon’s company; instead of being terrified of the monster she finds him â€Å"nicely physical and sexy† Finally, she doubts the credibility and attractiveness of the knight and says she prefers the dragon. The last part of the poem is from the standpoint of the knight who’s stabbing the dragon and trying and save the princess in danger. He feels offended that the princess doesn’t want to be saved by him even though he has diplomas in â€Å"Dragon Management and Virgin Reclamation†, his horse is the latest model and he has all the newest, safest and coolest artillery and armour. Windows of wonderment (My own version of Not My Best Side) Part 1- I still wait for him everyday. Mother holds me up against the cold hard window pane while I stare infinitely into the open space in front of me. I gaze upon our driveway hoping to see his car drive in, to hear the soft clacking of his shoes, the gentle wheezing of his breath or the breezy tone of his words. Mother sighs and looks away while a single tear trickles down her left cheek; I pretend not to notice whilst she hastily wipes it away and lets out a tiny sniffle. Everyday I purposely put together excuses, explanations, to reason his agonizing absence; I foolishly blame myself, my poor mother and yet every time I regrettably come to the same conclusion, it’s not our fault. By now, I know I should know better but I still have hope, that someday he’ll come back to us, someday I’ll see have face again, his deep blue eyes and his smooth silk-like skin, but until he does I’ll just repeat the same excruciating ritual of waiting, waiting and forever wondering. Part 2- I still hold him up against the window. I know I shouldn’t, and it will only make everything worst but I still do. Every time, his little face lights up and that constant frown that lingers upon his face seams to disappear. Just for a few seconds, his hope is restored, as he stares out to the unknown. I can see his mind drifting off, the wheels in his head turning, trying to come up with any and every possible explanation for his father’s absence, but it’s when he’s smacked across the face by the bitter truth of reality that his expression abruptly changes back to what it was, and the only words circling his mind are â€Å"he’s not coming†. I know I should protect him from such pain and suffering, but what’s a pitiable mother to do when her permanently scarred son keeps reaching out for the affection of that devil-like brute he calls his father? It’s not fair on him, or me. The dream of a normal life is lost alongside with hope, trust and belief. This is the pain of abandonment that leaves an innocent child hopelessly enduring pain and suffering, waiting, waiting and forever wondering.

Average ACT Scores What They Mean For You

Average ACT Scores What They Mean For You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The average ACT score for US students is a 21. The middle 50% of students score between a 16 and a 24. The following chart breaks down the nationwide average by section: English Math Reading Science 20.3 20.9 21.3 20.8 However, when you’re thinking about college admissions the nationwide average isn’t important: what really matters is the average score of the students you’re being compared with. If you’re a high achieving student applying to very selective schools you’ll need a score much higher than the national average. If, on the other hand, you’re applying to certain state schools, a 20 is a totally acceptable score. Really, the National Average Doesn't Matter If you're worrying about your ACT scores, it's probably because you want to use them to apply to college. But the national average includes every student who takes the ACT (a grand total of 59% of students who graduatedin 2015), including many who don't intend to go to college butare required to take the test as part of a statewide assessment program. When you’re applying to college or for scholarships you aren’t competing against all of these students, you’re only competing against the other students applying for that school or scholarship. The key isto have an average or higher score compared to the students you’re competing against- the national average is thus pretty much meaningless for your purposes. Let's talk about some numbers that might be more helpful in terms of setting a goal for yourself. How to Compare Yourself to Your Peers If you're still curious about how you compare to other students in a general sense, you might want to check outhow your ACTscores compare to those of other students like you, i.e. those with similar grades and backgrounds. Generally speaking, the easiest way to understand where you fall in this range is to find out the average ACT score at your high school. If you're a high-achievingstudent looking at competitive colleges, you mayalso want to consider how you stack up with other honor students. Keep in mind, though, that when it comes to college applications, these numbers are only marginally more meaningful than the national average. Average ACT Score for Your High School If you want to knowthe average ACT score at your high school, just google â€Å"[your school] ACT scores.† This approachwill be most effective if you attend a public school in a state with mandated ACT testing, though many private schools list these scores on their websites. If the SAT is generally more common where you live, you can try looking for the average SAT score and then converting it to an ACT score. Average ACT Score for Honor Students Students with high GPAs also tend to have high ACT scores. For students in the top â…“ of their class, the average ACT score is 27. For those in the top 1/10, it’s 30. These numbers shouldn’t stress you out, however, since as we’ll go over below, what’s really important is how you compare to the other students applying to the same school as you. The Key Number: the Average ACTScore for Your Ideal College As I explained above, the value of an ACT score lies in whether it can get you into the school of your dreams, not in how it compares to other student's scores. Thus, you'llneed to look up the average ACT scores for admitted students at the schools you want to apply to, in order to determine your score goal. Most schools list a range of ACT scores (the 25th-75th percentile) rather than a single number. You can look this info up by googling "[college name] ACT scores" or"[college name] ACT scores Prepscholar."Then use this worksheet to calculate your exact target score based on all the schools you’re interested in. Keep in mind that there's a considerablerange inwhat kind of scores colleges expect: the most selective schools generally have average ACT scores between 32 and 35, somewhat selective schools have average ACT scores in the mid to high twenties, and less selective schools have average ACT scores in the high teens and low twenties. You don't need to panic just because you don't have a 36. What's Next? If you haven't reached your score goal just yet, givesome of our freeACTprep resources a try. Start with the 5 general strategies you must know and then break yourprep down by section with our ultimate guides to reading, English, science, and math (coming soon). Or perhaps you'd fare better with the SAT? Usethese guides to decide whether you might prefer to focus on the other test, whether its current incarnation or the redesigned version that arrives March 2016:the ACT vs. the current SAT and the ACT vs. the new SAT. What ifyou're already scoring well on the ACT, but are struggling with a low GPA?Try these suggestions for how to work around your low grades. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Alex Heimbach About the Author Alex is an experienced tutor and writer. Over the past five years, she has worked with almost a hundred students and written about pop culture for a wide range of publications. She graduated with honors from University of Chicago, receiving a BA in English and Anthropology, and then went on to earn an MA at NYU in Cultural Reporting and Criticism. In high school, she was a National Merit Scholar, took 12 AP tests and scored 99 percentile scores on the SAT and ACT. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry

SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry With an acceptance rate of 54% in 2016, SUNY ESF has largely accessible admissions. Successful applicants will generally have B-averages and standardized test scores within or above the ranges posted below. To apply, those interested will need to submit an application, personal statement, official high school transcripts, and scores from either the SAT or the ACT. If you have any questions or concerns about applying, be sure to contact the admissions office at SUNY ESF. Admissions Data (2016): SUNY College of Environmental Science Acceptance Rate: 54%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 520 / 630SAT Math: 550 / 630SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 23  / 27ACT English: 22  / 28ACT Math: 23  / 27What these ACT numbers mean SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Description: The State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry is a specialized environmental management and sustainability college with its main campus located in Syracuse, New York, and several satellite campuses across central New York and the Adirondack Mountains area. The 17-acre main campus sits on Syracuse’s University Hill overlooking downtown Syracuse and Onondaga Lake. ESF has a 15 to 1 student faculty ratio and offers 22 undergraduate and 30 graduate degrees in the sciences, engineering and forestry. Within the undergraduate program, the most popular areas of study are environmental biology, conservation biology and landscape architecture. The most common graduate programs include forest management and operation and environmental physiology. Students are actively involved on campus, participating in nearly 25 student clubs and organizations. The ESF Mighty Oaks compete in cross-country, golf, soccer and basketball in the United States Collegiate Athl etic Association and have a long tradition in intercollegiate woodsman competitions. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 2,186  (1,751 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 54% Male / 46% Female98% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $8,103  (in-state); $17,953 (out-of-state)Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $16,110Other Expenses: $1,050Total Cost: $26,463  (in-state); $36,313 (out-of-state) SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 89%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 82%Loans: 57%Average Amount of AidGrants: $7,104Loans: $6,922 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Conservation Biology, Environmental Biology, Environmental Science, Landscape Architecture, Wildlife Science. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 85%Transfer Out Rate: 20%4-Year Graduation Rate: 60%6-Year Graduation Rate: 74% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Golf, Basketball, Cross Country, Track and Field, SoccerWomens Sports:  Soccer, Track and Field, Cross Country Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics Explore Other SUNY Campuses: Albany  |  Alfred State  |  Binghamton  |  Brockport  |  Buffalo  |  Buffalo State  |  Cobleskill  |  Cortland  |  Env. Science/Forestry  |  Farmingdale  |  FIT  |  Fredonia  |  Geneseo  |  Maritime  |  Morrisville  |  New Paltz  |  Old Westbury  |  Oneonta  |  Oswego  |  Plattsburgh  |  Polytechnic  |  Potsdam  |  Purchase  |  Stony Brook If You Like SUNY CESF, You May Also Like These Schools: Cornell University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSyracuse University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Vermont: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity at Albany: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphIthaca College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphJuniata College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphClarkson University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDrexel University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBinghamton University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Management seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Management seminar - Essay Example Where, if the firm uses employees from its country all through, the company will not impress the rest of the world. However, with outsourcing, the world feels appreciated because it provides opportunities for all people and this increases the market share globally (Sparrow, 2009). On the other hand, outsourcing is a disadvantage to the home people of the company who lose the opportunities occupied by the foreigners. In other words, the local people of the country the company is located lose their jobs and this leads to creating a recession in the domestic economy. Another problem related to outsourcing is that the overseas employees have experienced a problem of not being able to communicate effectively with the U.S customers due to difficult accents and problems of miscommunication. Finally, the emerging economies where outsourcing is done face tremendous energy shortages with the power outages done frequently (Blackman, Freedman & Levy, 2004). Sweatshops refer to the overseas manufacturing facilities of a company where the conditions of labor are not up to the satisfactory level as per the international labor standards. Long working hours, unsafe working condition, and abuse of the employees and lack of labor rights characterize the practices against the standards. The employees working in the facilities are tremendously exploited. In fact, most of the products manufactured in the facilities require repetitive kind of labor. Sweatshops exist for they provide a number of economic advantages to the multinational firms and to the host employees. Creating of the domestic employment and establishment of local infrastructures in the host countries helps to enhance the local economies of the countries. The employees working in the sweatshops are desperate because most of them do not have education or the required skills to get any form of

Oil and gas correlation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Oil and gas correlation - Essay Example However, the US domestic production of gas had just picked up and was at the boom phase rendering gas prices low. This means that the global prices of gas were significantly affected downwards as the oil demand plummeted hence the increased price disparity between the two commodities. It is also evident that from 1991, the import of oil by US had reduced but this still represented approximately 40% of the consumption by US against a paltry 5% of gas consumption by the US (YeÃŒ pez-Garcia, Rigoberto , and Julie 86). This is an evident case to support the observed negative correlation. It is also worth to note that the global oil prices are volatile in regard to world market trends, Middle East socio-economic issues and OPEC whims. The increasing technological advancement and campaign for more efficient machines is slowly increasing the use of gas. This means that gas fuel consumption trend will begin to gain influence in the value of dollar hence closing the demand gap it has with the oil. It is also possible that increased exhaustion of gas wells by the US will significantly push the gas prices up as there will be a plan to import more and reserve the domestic stock. YeÃŒ pez-Garcia, Rigoberto A, and Julie Dana. Mitigating Vulnerability to High and Volatile Oil Prices: Power Sector Experience in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2012.

The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara - Essay Example It resulted in loss and injury of 51,000 men. The characters of the book include General Robert E. Lee (commander of the Confederate army), General James Longstreet (General Lee’s second in command); and Union Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain (the participant of the fighting on Little Round Top, one of the most popular divisions of the Battle of Gettysburg). On June 29, 1863, Longstreet meets a spy, who tells him that the Union army is moving, which surprises him because he thinks that General Stuart is supposed to follow the Union army. He thinks it appropriate to catch the Union army from north. The Confederates move south-east in Gettysburg. Colonel Chamberlain finds out that there are a hundred new mutineers from the Second Maine, out of whom six join his Twentieth Maine after his speech. The Union army, under supervision of General Buford, arrives in Gettysburg to find out the Confederates already present there. Buford positions nearly 200 soldiers along the hills to confron t the Confederates, because he thinks it easier to fight from the top. George Pickett and many other Generals meet Longstreet in the Confederate camp. General Lee is irritated at the absence of General Stuart. On July 1, he meets Longstreet who tells that he wants to confront the Union army from south-east, to come between them and Washington D.C. Lee refuses. The Confederates attack the Union army at Gettysburg. Buford keeps back the Confederates with the help of General Reynolds, who gets killed. Lee arrives and finds the battle going on, and orders his Generals to attack the Union army from south. Chamberlain’s troops also move in the north of Gettysburg. The union army retreats to the hills and sets up cannons. Longstreet is perplexed at Lee’s decision, and is angry at General Ewell’s move of making the Union forces retreat in hills. The Union army blames Buford for the retreat. Chamberlain is still moving in the north of Gettysburg on July 2, where he meets an escaped slave. Lee approves of Ewell and Early’s plan to attack two flanks of the Union. He moves his forces toward the hill, where the Unions had already come down. Lee attacks, and the result is a scene of carnage from both sides. Chamberlain reaches the little Round Top. His troops run short of bullets. They scream and frighten the Confederates away, making the Unions possess the Little Round Top. Lee gets angry at Stuart when he arrives. Lee sets a new plan of attacking the middle flank of the Unions. He orders Chamberlain’s troops to take position, on July 3. Longstreet tries to convince Lee to leave the plan, but all in vain. He gives Pickett the charge of attack. The Confederates attack the Unions. Chamberlain is safe, though his troops are in the center. The attack is of less harm to the Unions, who attack back with cannons, causing the Confederates much loss. Confederates retreat, and the gory battle ends (Bailey). Shaara’s attempt at describing eve nts made this book the top best-seller (Wilson and Fischer 492). I loved reading the book, and appreciated the way the writer has conveyed the correct sequence of events. The way of writing is subtle yet imaginary, and I can feel myself present at the place of war while reading. The tone is expressive, and the style of writing, with which the chronological order of events has been presented, is lucid. While synopsis, I

Analysis of Indias Automotive Industry

Analysis of Indias Automotive Industry INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY The automotive industry is one of the largest industries worldwide and in India as well. The automotive sector is a vital sector for any developed economy. It drives upstream industries like steel, iron, aluminum, rubber, plastics, glass and electronics, and downstream industries like advertising and marketing, transport and insurance. The automotive industry can be divided into five sectors:- Passenger Cars. Multi- Utility Vehicles (MUVs). Two- and Three- Vehicles. Commercial Vehicles Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs) / Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicles (MHCVs). Tractors. We will be looking at the Passenger car industry in India. Despite a head start, the passenger car industry in India has not quite matched up to the performance of its counterparts in other parts of the world. The primary reason has been the all-pervasive regulatory atmosphere prevailing till the opening up of the industry in the mid-1990s. The various layers of legislative Acts sheltered the industry from external competition for a long time. Moreover, the industry was considered low-priority as cars were thought of as unaffordable luxury. HISTORY OF INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY Initially, in the post-liberalization period, the automotive sector, especially the passenger car segment, saw a boom, derived primarily from economic vibrancy, changes in Government policies, increase in purchasing power, improvement in life styles, and availability of car finance. The passenger car industry was finally deregulated in 1993. However, the automobile industry, which contributed substantially to the industrial growth in FY1996 failed to maintain the same momentum between FY1997 and FY1999. The overall slowdown in the economy and the resultant slowdown in industrial production, political uncertainty and inadequate infrastructure development were some of the factors responsible for the slowdown experienced. In FY2000, the sector experienced a turnaround and witnessed the launch of many new models. Two things that stunted growth of this industry in the past have been low demand and lack of vision on the part of the original equipment manufacturers (QEMs). However, the demand picked up after the liberalization of the regulatory environment, and global QEMs- who enjoy scale economies both in terms of manufacturing and research and development (RD) entered the Indian market. This has resulted in a big shift in the way business is conducted by suppliers, assemblers and marketers. PASSENGER CAR INDUSTRY IN INDIA: HIGHLIGHTS Passenger car sales are expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8% over the period FY2004-2007. The six broad segments in the car market today are- Mini, Compact, Midrange, Executive, Premium and Luxury. In the medium term, growth in the Indian passenger car industry is expected to be led largely by the Compact and Mid-range Segments. The critical success factor has changed from price to price value. In terms of engine capacity, the Indian passenger car market is moving towards cars of highest capacity. With the launch of new models from FY2000 onwards, the market for MUVs has been redefined in India, especially at the upper end. Currently, the higher-end MUVs, commonly known as Sports Utility Vehicles (SUVs), occupy a niche in the urban market. With the success of SUVs, the line of distinction between passenger cars and MUVs in the Indian market is getting increasingly blurred. Domestic car manufacturers are now venturing into areas such as car financing, leasing, and fleet management, and used-car reconditioning /sales, to complement their mainstay-business of selling new cars. During April August 2006, the passenger car sales in India at 332159 units, marked a growth of 5.3%over the previous year. The growth in the domestic sales of passenger cars was led by strong growth in volumes reported by compact and mid size segments. While the share of mini and executive segments declined in the period under study, the share of other segments increased. For instance, the share of compact segment in the domestic car sales increased from 59.7% in April August 2005 to 64.9% in April August 2006, mid size segment from 20.5% to 22%, and the share of Premium segment was stagnant at 0.7% in the same period. New variants launches, easy availability of finance at relatively lower interest rate and price discounts offered by the players have played an important role in driving the sales growth in the domestic passenger car industry. KEY DEMAND DRIVERS Traditionally, disposable income was perceived as the key factor driving passenger car demand. But over time, other factors that are known to have an impact on demand have emerged. These include the need for greater mobility, non- availability of public transport services, availability of cheap finance, development of the used-car market, introduction of new technologically superior models, increasing levels of urbanization and changing consumer profiles. The credit for growing the Indian Compact Segment, and in fact, the Indian Passenger car industry goes partly to the Korean manufacturers (HMIL and the erstwhile Daewoo) and the Indian player Tata Motors. The HMIL Santro was launched in September1998 and created a sensation on account of its aggressive pricing at Rs.2, 99,000. The Santro became successful as HMIL had got the price -value equation just right. While Daewoos Matiz picked up only seven months after its launch, the Santro was selling more than 3000units a month only 2 months after its launch. HMIL had infact, planned its entry into the Indian market with the 1495cc Accent but later opted in favour of the smaller car. At the time the Santro was launched, both the options available in the segment- Fiat Uno and the Zen-had been around in the Indian Market for quite some time and lacked novelty. Santro was not only cheaper but also incorporated a multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) system that offered superior fuel economy to Zens carburetor system. The Matiz was launched in November 1998. Its 800cc engine immediately encouraged comparisons with Maruti 800. The initial launch price of Matiz at Rs. 3, 55,000 was significantly higher than the Santros Rs, 2, 99,000. Given that the Matiz was smaller than the Zen and the Santro, the initial impact was not so strong. In May 1999, Daewoo launched stripped-down variants. The launch of the cheaper versions saw the sales of Matiz reaching almost 2000 units in May 1999 and recording an average monthly sale of 3123units in FY2000. However, the financial crisis faced by the parent, Daewoo Motor Corporation affected the performance of the Indian subsidiary (that was reporting net loss and had significant borrowings). Subsequently, the Indian subsidiary halted production. MUL now has 4 cars in the Compact Segment: the Swift, the Zen, the Alto and the Wagon R. In terms of market share, Zen steadily lost share in FY2000 to its competitors. Despite this, there is no denying that the Zen is one of the bigger success stories in the Indian car market. With 3 models, MUL is the market leader in the Compact segment. The Alto arrived in India when there was little room for man oeuvre in a crowded compact segment. It was launched in 2 versions, the LX and the VX. The base version is priced competitively with the deluxe version of the Maruti800, while the higher-end version competes with the based versions of the Zen and the Wagon R. The 1061cc Wagon R is available in four manual transmission variants (LX, LXi, VX and VXi) and one automatic transmission variant (AX). Since its introduction in February 2000, Wagon R has been selling in the 1500-3000units per month range as against 5000-8000units per month range for the Santro. The presence of the already well-established Matiz and the Santro meant that the novelty factor did not work too well for Wagon R. However 2005 has been a revolutionary year for Maruti since its new Launch Swift has been a huge success in the market and the most demanded car as well. The other cars in the compact segment to have made an immediate dent in the market with their launch are the Palio of Fiat India and the improved version Indica V2 of Tata Motors. Indica was the third largest selling car in FY2002 in this segment, after Santro and Zen. On the other hand, Palio was launched at the time when the passenger car industry was witnessing a slump but the model cut across the barriers and was able to create a market for itself. However, the success of this model was short-lived and the sales declined thereafter. Nevertheless, launches of new variants (such as the diesel version) helped sales recover marginally. The size of the compact segment has increased as a result of the high growth rate attained by the models in this segment. The changing price-value equation, coupled with the declining interest rates and easy availability of finance, has prompted consumers to move towards the compact car segment from the mini segment. The high rate of growth achieved by the compact segment has attracted the attention of other players also; including GM. GM has entered the compact segment with the launch of its Opel Corsa Sail in May2003. FUTURE OF CAR MARKET IN INDIA The Indian automotive market offers tremendous opportunities due to a strong GDP growth, increased urbanisation, an expanding middle class, an upward migration of disposable incomes and availability of easy financing options. The Indian automotive industry is dominated by two-wheelers, while cars account for about 10.7 percent of the total industry. The potential for growth is enormous. The Indian Governments Automotive Mission Plan 2006-2016 states that the Indian passenger car market is expected to reach 3 million by 2015, making India as one of the top 10 car markets in the world. India is also expected to remain as the second-largest two-wheeler manufacturer, the largest tractor and three-wheeler manufacturer and the fourth-largest truck manufacturer in the world by 20151. The main considerations driving customer preference are mainly reliability and economy. GOVERNMENT COMMITMENT AND SUPPORT STILL LIKELY IN THE FUTURE Post-liberalization, the government has made specific attempts to reduce barriers and controls, such as allowing 100 percent foreign direct investment in the automotive sector and reducing customs tariffs on automotive components. The government has also set an ambitious target of increasing the revenue turnover derived from the automotive sector from about 5 to 10 percent of the GDP by 2016. The emphasis in the future is expected to be on exports of small cars, multi-utility vehicles, two-wheelers and components. With regard to emission norms for passenger cars, the government has proposed the implementation of Euro-IV emission norms from 2010 onwards, which is likely to lead to an increase in car prices. According to Avik Chattopadhyay Deputy General Manager, Marketing, of Maruti the Indian government is expected to continue the process of reforms even in the future. The Indian passenger car industry is dominated by the small car segment, and more specifically the compact car segment, both in terms of growth rates as well as contribution to total passenger car sales. Due to the fact that India is a low-income market, the dominance of small cars is expected to continue even in the future. Tata Motors, a leading Indian OEM, has plans of launching a small car at USD 2,326 in 20083. This is expected to convert a lot of two-wheeler prospects into passenger car customers. This is also expected to lead to other OEMs launching similar products/reducing prices and the creation of a new segment (below even the mini-car segment). Rural customers are also expected to be likely target segments for this car. The four-wheeler market (including commercial vehicles) is dominated by Asian OEMs, with American OEMs occupying only about three percent of the market. Hence, resurgence from the American OEMs seems likely in the future. Recently, the American OEMs have a lso announced their plans for capacity expansions however, the main difficulty is their lack of expertise for making fuel-efficient, small cars. General Motors (GM), in order to circumvent this, has recently announced the launch of a Daewoo small car (known as the Spark) in India in 2007. The used-car market is also expected to grow in the future, especially considering the fact that the ratio of used-car sales to new-car sales is about 1:1 in India this is less than the global ratio of 2:1. The major OEMs, including Maruti, Hyundai, GM, etc., have already decided to enter this market as used car dealers. Increased market share for fuels other than petrol is expected in the passenger car segment, especially considering the rising prices for petrol. Diesel is expected to capture about 35 percent of the market share in 2010, the current share being 30 percent. Maruti and Hyundai, two major gasoline players, have announced their plans to enter the diesel market as well. LPG as a fuel is also gaining popularity as it is cheaper than petrol and requires less maintenance and conversion costs as compared to CNG. Research work on bio diesel as a fuel for the future is also underway. The Indian manufacturing may go through periods of overcapacity as the vehicle capacity estimations are about three million passenger cars in the next five years. A recent trend observed is the sharing of manufacturing facilities for example, a deal between Maruti and Nissan, wherein the former is expected to produce cars on its assembly lines labeling them as Nissan. The use of Aluminum in automotives is expected to increase especially since this helps in boosting fuel economy, performance and safety, while reducing emissions. The use of electronics in manufacturing is also expected to increase. INDIA: THE SOON TO BE SMALL-CAR HUB Small cars constitute about 78 percent of the domestic demand, making India the third-largest producer of small cars after Japan and Brazil. Therefore, the government has decided to launch a programme to make India a small car hub in the future a recent reduction in excise duties from 24 percent to 16 percent exclusively for small cars being an initiative in this direction. The major players not present in this segment have also drawn up plans for entering this segment in the near future. Players with expertise in small car, such as Maruti and Hyundai, have formulated plans for ramping up production capacities. It is likely that with the small car volume increase (both due to domestic volumes and exports) in the next decade, domestic players, such as Tata Motors, would become strong global players. COMMERCIAL VEHICLES TO CONTINUE STRONG GROWTH This segment has shown strong growth over the last 5 years (at CAGR of over 20 percent), and the growth is likely to continue in the future as well as this is mainly dependent on economic progress and road-network availability, both of which are growing at a fast pace in the country. According to the National Highway authority estimations, the growth of highways is expected to proceed at a CAGR of about 6 percent during 2006-2015, in contrast to a growth of about 1.2 percent during 1951-1995. The future is also expected to witness more product sophistication with increasing power to weight solutions especially for the truck segment. Multinationals have already made an entry in the segment with MAN, Daimler Chrysler and Volvo already present in the market. INDIA FIRMS VENTURING ABROAD Manufacturing occupies about 60 percent of the total direct overseas investments by Indian companies in various sectors. The Indian automotive companies, including both Indian OEMs and well as component manufacturers, have been investing mainly in the domains of forging and casting, particularly in European countries. So far, the industry has witnessed 16 acquisitions (five in 2005). The collapsing auto ancillary industry in these regions makes the deal extremely affordable for Indian companies, providing them market access and brand enhancement opportunities in a new region. Indian companies are also investing in emerging Asian economies such as China to establish a new sourcing base in the region. Global automotive players: sourcing parts outsourcing RD base to India The auto component exports sector is expected to show a strong growth with an estimated CAGR of 34 percent by 2014. All the leading OEMs in the world are already sourcing components from India, mainly in steering systems, casting products and electrical, such as motors and wiring, harnesses. The Indian automobile industry has four major segments commercial vehicles (CVs), passenger vehicles, three wheelers, and two wheelers. The market share for each of these segments of the Indian automobile industry, for the year 2003-04. According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) , the Indian passenger vehicle market has three categories passenger cars, multi-purpose vehicles (MPVs), and utility vehicles (UVs). The passenger car market is further divided into various segments based on the length of the car (Refer to Exhibit II for a detailed description of the lengthwise classification of passenger cars. The Indian automobile industry was a highly protected slow-growth industry with very few players till the opening up of the Indian economy in 1991. Low manufacturing costs, availability of skilled labor, an organized component industry, and the capability to supply in large volumes attracted global auto majors to set up their operations in India after the ope ning up of the sector. For example, Fiat and DaimlerChrysler started outsourcing their component requirements to India. 100 percent Indian subsidiaries of global players, like Delphi Automotive Systems and Visteon, exported components to other parts of the world. Macroeconomic factors like government regulations, low interest rates, and availability of retail finance played an important role in the rapid development of the automobile industry in India during the late nineties (Refer to Exhibit III for an understanding of the impact of the Union Budget on the Indian automobile industry over the years).. The leading Indian manufacturers are aggressively aspiring to become Tier-I suppliers the OEM: aftermarket ratio in exports has changed from 35:65 in the last decade to 75:25 at present. According to a Government of India estimate, there are 400 large firms in the organized sector and about 10,000 firms in the unorganized sector. The entry of more foreign companies in the sector is expected to lead to greater regulation, pruning of the spurious market and the unorganized players ceasing to be stand-alone companies, and entering into either contract manufacturing or becoming ancillary units. India is also showing an increasing prowess in automo tive design and development. Global MNCs, such as GM, Ford, Delphi, Visteon, etc., have already set up their RD centers in India. The main advantage of these centers is the low development costs it takes 1/5th of the costs to develop or engineer products in India as compared to global rates. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The present study of the marketing strategy of the Maruti Suzuki (Pvt.) Limited revolves around the following broad objectives: To study the evolution and growth of the Maruti Suzuki (Pvt.) Limited in the context of the automobile revolution in India; To study the growth strategy of the Maruti Suzuki (Pvt.) Limited and the marketing methods followed by it in this regard. To study the small car revolution in India and the contribution of the Maruti Suzuki (Pvt.) Limited to it. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN DATA SOURCES. Determining the sample size and the period of the required research. Designing the research tools. Defining the objectives of the research work. PRIMARY DATA Questionnaire. Survey. Personal Interview Discussion SECONDAY DATA Newspapers Journals Magazines QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN Questions chosen are open ended as well as close ended; and objectives behind choosing such question is availability of data SAMPLE DESIGN Sample unit: DD Motors Wazirpur, Mayapuri, Okhla, Competent Motors Moti Nagar Extent: 8 Weeks Sample Size: 59 MARUTI SUZUKI Very often, there is an analogy drawn between the state of the great Indian roads and the pace of economic development in the country. Needless to say, its not a very pleasing comparison. So the average Indian customer who rides the roads of India is naturally extremely cautious when it comes to investing in a vehicle. Only those rough and tough enough to survive the potholes and nightmarish surfaces can pass muster. In such a scenario, a foreign company launching a car in the Indian market was bound to be looked upon with skepticism and suspicion, more so, if it had South Korean origins. South Korean companies were perceived not to be quality oriented. The failure of Korean companies like Lucky Gold star (later to be re-launched as LG, which is another marketing success) and the bad word of mouth for Daewoo led to this perception. MARKET PRESENCE In the late 1990s, car manufacturers like Ford, General Motors, and Fiat were faring miserably in the Indian market. Maruti had a market share of a whopping 79 per cent in the passenger car segment. Daewoo and Telco were creating hype over the impending launches of their cars Matiz and Indica, respectively. In such a scenario, the top management of Hyundai Motor India Ltd, which has South Korean origins, had a tough decision to make. It was a big gamble to go ahead with the launch of the small car -Santro. The Hyundai management stuck to a simple strategy launch a quality product in the most promising segment. With the latest technology and price it aggressively. In the pre-launch period in late 1997, the company commissioned market research project to understand the, Indian consumer psyche and specify a benchmark for the pricing policy. The results of this survey and the actions taken thereafter had a bearing upon the success of the product later on. The Indian consumers showed an immense dislike to the shape of Santro. One consumer even likened it to a funeral hearse. A second important result was that Hyundai is an unknown brand with almost zero brand equity amongst Indian consumers. The company immediately undertook the initiative of reshaping and customizing the car for the Indian customer. The tall rear end was reduced and made more aesthetically appealing. The Santro was all set for the Indian launch. MARUTI-MARKETING GENIUS Here came the most important aspect of the launch the marketing strategy. This was a factor that could make or mar the success of the Santro. Hyundai tied up with the advertising agency Saatchi and Saatchi, who hit upon a novel strategy. Bollywood star Shah Rukh Khan was roped in to be the brand ambassador. A three-pronged strategy was designed to attract the consumer: Educate Indian Consumers about Hyundai Create hype and expectations about the Santro Explain the virtues of the Santro The TV Press Campaign broke in June 1998. The initial TV spots and the press campaign showed Shah Rukh Khan being approached by a Hyundai official to advertise the Santro. Shah Rukh was not convinced about Hyundai and he was shown to ask all questions a normal Indian consumer is expected to ask. What is Hyundai? Why should I advertise for the Santro? Will it match customer service expectations? What about dealer networks? How can an international car meet the requirements of Indian roads? As the campaign went through all of these questions, the Hyundai official answered Shah Rukh Khan. By the time the car was actually launched, Shah Rukh Khan proclaims, he is convinced. He declares that he is now ready to advertise the Santro since he is certain that the Santro is the car for India. This high profile campaign backed by some very innovative media buying, which went for maximum coverage with the minimum budget, broke all grounds in terms of creating consumer expectations and hype in t he market. Along with the Advertising Campaign, the Sales Team worked burning midnight oil in creating the dealer network across the length and breadth of the country. The wide dealer network would prove to be invaluable in ensuring that the Santro would be available to anyone who wants to buy it. An important pre-requisite for the dealer network was a fully functional workshop area with imported international standard equipment and engineers trained in Hyundais parent training centre in South Korea and localized training provided in the Chennai Plant. RANGE OF PRODUCT SERVICES The race for Indias small-car market has begun. But only those among the big four who get all their strategies right will win this unforgiving contest. The prize: not just the largest automobile segment, but also survival in this market. Theyre lined up for the last lap. With Market India becoming a minefield for the worlds largest auto-makers, the Formula I have become brighter than the red lights that have stopped them in their tracks so faronly the small car will enable endurance. Bumper-to-bumper, therefore, the combatants are accelerating towards the small-car segment. Amounting to 60 per cent of the Rs 14,500-crore automobiles market, and hitherto monopolized by the Rs 8,454-crore Maruti Udyog with its Maruti 800 and Zen, its the final frontier between survival and extinction. So far, accustomed as they are to the priorities of the customer in the developed markets, the global auto-makers have taken many wrong turns in India. Only now, after many knocks, crashes, and repair job s, are they back on track, heading towards their destination. But neither the road nor the end-point of their journey is wide enough for all of them. At a projected 6-lakh unit by 2000, demand for cars is still 25 per cent less than the number of F-150 pick-up trucks sold by the $153.62-billion Ford Motor Co. in 1997. But the importance of India on the world auto map is strategic. With an estimated total capacity of 58 million units a year, the global auto industry is racing far a head of the demand of 45 million units. Markets in North America, Europe, and Japanwhich account for 74 per cent of the demandhave become saturated. Global car-manufacturers will need to plant their feet in a low-cost, young, stable market to sell their products to create a global supply-base for cars and components. The first wave of manufacturers simply failed to make a splash in India. They were revving up for a growth that never happened. Their entry reasoning: since India had been a small-car market for years, it was only a matter of time before it enlarged to ac commodate bigger, luxury cars. That the logic was flawed has now become evident. India is still a small-car market for anyone who wants both revenues and profits. Not surprisingly, Ford (which launched the 1,300-cc petrol and the 1,800-cc diesel Escort in 1996), the $178.17-billion General Motors (which entered with the 1,600-cc Opel Astra in 1996), and the $72-billion Daewoo Groups Rs 963.37-crore Daewoo Motors (which launched the 1,498-cc Cello in 1995) are limping at the starting-block. None of the 3 has managed to chalk up sales of more than 18,000 units a year. Even Maruti Udyoga joint venture between the $12.12-billion Suzuki Motor Corporation of Japan and the Government of Indiahas been unable to grow the luxury segment. At 18,000 units in 1997-98, its 1,300-cc Esteem luxury cars sales fell by 28 per cent. Explains B.V.R. Subbu, 43, Director (Sales Marketing), Hyundai Motor India: Traditional mid-car buyers are turning to small cars; they are waiting for new technologies. Within 8 months of the 1,468-cc Citys launch in January, 1998, the $48.87-billion Honda Motor has sold 4,180 cars in the Indian market, which is more than the combine d sales (3,317 units) of the Astra and the Escort. But despite Hondas initial success, the luxury-car segment has platitude, and there seems to be room for just one player. In the past 3 years, the segment has shrunk in value, dashing car-makers hopes of rebuilding their futures in India. Naturally, the only safe haven that remains is the small-car segment, which is 2.45 lakh units in size. And the only segment expected to grow at 15 per cent a year for the next 5 years. The new millennium cannot but belong to the small car. However, economics of upstream manufacture will only ensure survival. Sophisticated downstream skills are essential to make inroads into the tough Maruti Udyog territory. COMPANY POLICIES BUILDING STRATIGES But strategies, like cars, must feed on volumes. And how much is the sub-compact segment likely to yield in 1998-99? Maruti Udyog expects the sales of the Zen to cross the 1-lakh-unit mark. Assuming that at least a third of the small-car owning populationthis includes customers who have been using the Maruti 800, say, for at least 3 yearsgraduates to a sub-compact, which means a market for at least another 1 lakh car. Even if the 2-lakh mark is not breached in the next 5 months, 1999-2000 will be the Year of the Upgrade, the economy permitting. This is why the second wave is focused on the small segmentfrom the mini to the sub-compact to the small car. On that relatively stable bandwagon is perched the goliath, Maruti Udyog, 2 newcomersthe $28-billion Hyundai Motor of South Korea and the Rs 7,450.34-crore Telcoand one revitalized company, Daewoo Motors. By drawing on their intrinsic strengths, each is evolving a unique strategy to overtake competition. BT test-drives the strategic re sponses of the second wave and assesses their chances of survival. In less than two decades, India has ascended the ladder of global competitiveness and improved its business environment for investors through a consistent focus on economic reforms. Even more creditable is the fact that this growth comes on the back of an ever-strengthening social infrastructure supported by vibrant democracy. India today is the hotbed of entrepreneurial activity. Wealth creators and world-beaters are visible in sectors after sector. Indias economy has more than doubled in real terms since reform began in 1991. Consumer demand, increasing three to five times faster than the economy, reflects the aspirations of a vibrant, growing and young middle class; India is home to 20 per cent of the worlds population under the age of 24. With more than 200 television channels offering a window to the world, Indians are perhaps the most rapidly evolving consumers across the globe. Successful economic reforms, favorable media disposition and an overall positive economic scenario h ave placed a spotlight on the country. Indian companies are making overseas acquisitions, capital markets are booming, FIIs are pumping money in, FOREX reserves are a record high and the political economy has gained credibility in the global investor community and world media. Innovative products, innovative processes, innovative manufacturing methods are enticing foreign investors and multinationals to India. What is `India for the world? It is a millennia-old civilization. It is also the worlds premier IT services provider. The worlds back office a global R D hub. Emerging small-car hub. Repository, arguably, of the worlds largest number of engineers, doctors, accountants, and so on. To bring it all down to a single idea India is ready with vario